The first Muslims in America were most likely African slaves owned by 16th century European explorers. In the 18th century, Thomas Jefferson campaigned in Virginia for freedom of religion not just for Christians, but for Muslims, Jews, and even “pagans.”
Other Muslims came to America from the Middle East in the late 1800s and early 1900s for economic reasons, often settling in the Midwest. The Ford Motor Company employed many at its various factories. In the 1950s Muslims came from Palestine, Iraq, and Egypt, and later on others arrived from Africa and Asia. In recent years Muslim refugees have come to America seeking safety and security.
There were an estimated 3.45 million Muslims in the US in 2017, about 1% of the total population. That number grows by roughly 100,000 per year, mostly because Muslims tend to have more children, not because people are converting to Islam. Most Muslims in America are Sunni, but they are very diverse in their language and cultural backgrounds.
A specific and separate expression of Islam in the African-American community, known as the Nation of Islam, is a controversial combination of Islamic theology and issues related to racism and civil rights. Its most notable leaders have been Malcolm X and Louis Farrakhan. In 2017, only 3% of US-born African Americans identified with the Nation of Islam the majority of Black Muslims would consider themselves Sunni.