The Arabian Peninsula, the largest peninsula in the world, is a vast plateau with huge deserts, bordered by rugged mountains in the west and south. The west and south have enough rain for agriculture, while the coastal region facing the Indian Ocean has a tropical climate.
Otherwise, the climate is extremely hot and arid, with average monthly temperatures in Saudi Arabia ranging from 67 to 109°F. Before the discovery of oil in the 1930s, the Peninsula was largely empty and inhabited mostly by tent-dwelling Bedouins. Since then, with the exception of Yemen, all of the countries have become fabulously wealthy, almost overnight.
Qatar is the wealthiest, with a per capita GDP of $60,000, rivaling that of the USA. The region is full of growing modern cities with sky scrapers, major highways, heavy traffic, and growing air pollution.